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§ª§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú "§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 30 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à §Ó§ã§á§Ñ§ç§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§æ§Ö§â§å §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö§æ§ä§ñ§ß§í§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ñ§Õ§â§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §£ §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú SAF §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §æ§à§Ü§å§ã§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§í§ç §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ. §¦§Ô§à §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§í--§Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§í§Û §Ü§Ú§ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§ñ§Ù§Ü§à§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§í§ç §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü SAF. §£ §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §à§ß§Ú §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ä ASTM, ISO, GB §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ñ §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§å SAF §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú SAF.
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§ª§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §á§å§ä§Ú §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó 2024 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §â§Ö§Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Þ§á§à§â§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§â§á§à§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú "§³§Ú§ß§à§á§Ö§Ü", §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Ý §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ü§å, §ï§ä§à§ä §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§à§Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Þ§à§ë§î §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§æ§ä§ñ§ß§í§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §ß§à §Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§å §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§í §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§æ§ä§ñ§ß§í§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó. §£ §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ SAF §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ñ§ã§î §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í, §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§ç§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §Ó§í§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ú§ð §ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§Ó §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§í§ç §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ, §é§ä§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ SAF.
§µ§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ö §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§à (SAF), §Ò§å§Õ§å§é§Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§å§ä§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §è§Ö§Ý§Ú §é§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §ß§å§Ý§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ò§â§à§ã§Ñ §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ü 2050 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§í§Ò§â§à§ã§í §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ô§à §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ 80% §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§Þ. §Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ§ã§î §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ ASTM, §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §à§ä§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§à§Ó §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ §ß§Ö§æ§ä§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ SAF. §£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û", §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç §á§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§å, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú SAF, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §£§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§à-§¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ñ§Ý China Aviation Oil, §º§Ú§è§Ù§ñ§é§Ø§å§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ö§æ§ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ü§à§â§á§à§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú "§³§Ú§ß§à§á§Ö§Ü", §º§Ñ§ß§ç§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ö§æ§ä§Ö§ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §¯§Ö§æ§ä§Ö§ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §¸§Ú §Ú §§å, §¯§Ö§æ§ä§Ö§ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §¤§Ñ§à§è§ñ§à §Ú §Õ§â., §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
§¯§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§à§Ù§Ú§å§Þ§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§í §Ú §å§é§Ö§ß§í§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú SAF §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ü §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú §å§Ô§Ý§å§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß §Ú §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú §è§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ SAF, §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Õ§å§ã§ä§â§Ú§Ú SAF.
§±§à§ã§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó
§¿§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û", §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Û §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Û §ä§à§é§Ü§à§Û, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§á§â§Ö§â§í§Ó§ß§à§Þ§å §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ SAF §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú. §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú"§º§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Û" §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §ä§à§é§ß§à§Þ§å §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Û §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú,§á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§ð §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ó§å§ç§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §à§ä§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§í + §ï§Ü§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ó§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Û §Ú §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
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§¡§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ
§®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: ASTM D5972¡¢SH/T 0770¡¢IP 435
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? §¥§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à 0,14 §Þ§Ý - 0,16 §Þ§Ý §Þ§Ú§Ü§â§à§á§â§à§Ò, §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 15 §Þ§Ú§ß§å§ä.
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§®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: ASTM D445/D446/D1655/D2532¡¢ DEF STAN 91:91¡¢ GB/T 265¡¢GB/T 30515¡¢ ISO 3104/3105¡¢IP 71
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? §°§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ú§ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§ñ§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§à§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ö -20¡ã§³ §á§à §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ ASTM D1655 §Ú DEF STAN 91:91
? §¥§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ú§ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§ñ§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú: 1 ~ 3000 cSt
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